Planetary health diet versus usual diet in adolescents. How do food and physical activity influence academic performance? / Dieta de salud planetaria contra dieta habitual en adolescentes. ¿Cómo impactan la alimentación y la actividad física al rendimiento escolar?

Objective: to analyze the relationship of the similarity of planetary health diet and habitual diet with the practice of physical activity on theacademic performance of adolescent high school students by gender.Method: 877 adolescents were evaluated. The diet is reviewed through the 24-hour reminder. Physical activity was classified according to typeof activity, frequency, duration, and intensity using the APALQ questionnaire. The caloric intake of adolescents was compared with the proposalof the EAT-LANCET commission, and the relationship between physical activity and diet with academic performance was again established.Results: Mexican adolescents do not comply with the proposal of a planetary health diet. No relationship was found between physical activityand academic performance. On the other hand, animal proteins rich in fats are consumed doubly according to the recommendation; these andwhole grains, both are inversely related to better academic performance.Conclusions: Mexican adolescents are far from consuming a planetary health diet. Physical activity was not related to academic performance, butthere is an inverse relationship between fat-rich animal proteins and whole grains in relation to subjects that contribute to academic performance,which suggests that a healthy diet such as the planetary diet proposal could have an impact on environmental sustainability and favorably impactthe academic performance of adolescents.(AU)

Objetivo: analizar la relación de la similitud entre la dieta de salud planetaria y la dieta habitual con la práctica de actividad física sobre elrendimiento académico en adolescentes estudiantes de secundaria por género.Método: se evaluaron 877 adolescentes. La dieta se revisó a través del recordatorio de 24 horas. Se clasificó la actividad física según el tipo deactividad, frecuencia, duración e intensidad con el cuestionario APALQ. Se comparó la ingesta calórica de los adolescentes con la propuesta porla comisión EAT-LANCET y se establecieron relaciones entre la actividad física y la dieta con el rendimiento académico.Resultados: los adolescentes mexicanos no cumplen con la propuesta de una dieta de salud planetaria. No se encontró relación entre laactividad física y el rendimiento académico. Por otro lado, las proteínas animales ricas en grasas se consumen doblemente de acuerdo con larecomendación; estas y los cereales integrales, ambos se relacionan inversamente con un mejor rendimiento académico.Conclusiones: los adolescentes mexicanos están lejos de consumir una dieta planetaria saludable. La actividad física no se relacionó con elrendimiento académico, pero sí existe una relación inversa entre las proteínas animales ricas en grasas y los cereales integrales con relación amaterias que contribuyen con el rendimiento académico, lo que sugiere que una alimentación saludable como la propuesta de la dieta planetariapodría tener impacto sobre la sostenibilidad ambiental e impactar favorablemente en el rendimiento académico de los adolescente.(AU)

Planetary health diet versus usual diet in adolescents. How do food and physical activity influence academic performance?

Introduction: Objective: to analyze the relationship of the similarity of planetary health diet and habitual diet with the practice of physical activity on the academic performance of adolescent high school students by gender. Method: 877 adolescents were evaluated. The diet is reviewed through the 24-hour reminder. Physical activity was classified according to type of activity, frequency, duration, and intensity using the APALQ questionnaire. The caloric intake of adolescents was compared with the proposal of the EAT-LANCET commission, and the relationship between physical activity and diet with academic performance was again established. Results: Mexican adolescents do not comply with the proposal of a planetary health diet. No relationship was found between physical activity and academic performance. On the other hand, animal proteins rich in fats are consumed doubly according to the recommendation; these and whole grains, both are inversely related to better academic performance. Conclusions: Mexican adolescents are far from consuming a planetary health diet. Physical activity was not related to academic performance, but there is an inverse relationship between fat-rich animal proteins and whole grains in relation to subjects that contribute to academic performance, which suggests that a healthy diet such as the planetary diet proposal could have an impact on environmental sustainability and favorably impact the academic performance of adolescents.

Introducción: Objetivo: analizar la relación de la similitud entre la dieta de salud planetaria y la dieta habitual con la práctica de actividad física sobre el rendimiento académico en adolescentes estudiantes de secundaria por género. Método: se evaluaron 877 adolescentes. La dieta se revisó a través del recordatorio de 24 horas. Se clasificó la actividad física según el tipo de actividad, frecuencia, duración e intensidad con el cuestionario APALQ. Se comparó la ingesta calórica de los adolescentes con la propuesta por la comisión EAT-LANCET y se establecieron relaciones entre la actividad física y la dieta con el rendimiento académico. Resultados: los adolescentes mexicanos no cumplen con la propuesta de una dieta de salud planetaria. No se encontró relación entre la actividad física y el rendimiento académico. Por otro lado, las proteínas animales ricas en grasas se consumen doblemente de acuerdo con la recomendación; estas y los cereales integrales, ambos se relacionan inversamente con un mejor rendimiento académico. Conclusiones: los adolescentes mexicanos están lejos de consumir una dieta planetaria saludable. La actividad física no se relacionó con el rendimiento académico, pero sí existe una relación inversa entre las proteínas animales ricas en grasas y los cereales integrales con relación a materias que contribuyen con el rendimiento académico, lo que sugiere que una alimentación saludable como la propuesta de la dieta planetaria podría tener impacto sobre la sostenibilidad ambiental e impactar favorablemente en el rendimiento académico de los adolescentes.

Asociación entre indicadores de condición física, estatus de peso corporal y riesgo metabólico en escolares de secundaria / Association between indicators of physical fitness and body weight status in high school students

Introducción: los componentes de la condición física han cobrado suma importancia para determinar problemas de salud en los escolares. Objetivo: analizar la asociación entre indicadores de condición física (ICF), estatus de peso corporal y riesgo metabólico en escolares de secundaria. Métodos: estudio de corte transversal donde se evaluaron 531 escolares, 271 mujeres (51 %) y 260 hombres (49 %) de entre 11 y 15 años. Se utilizaron la batería Alpha Fitness para analizar los ICF y la prueba Pacer para la estimación del VO2máx, y se midió la circunferencia de la cintura (CC) como indicador de obesidad y de riesgo metabólico. Los alumnos se clasificaron según su IMC y CC. Resultados: los ICF muestran un pobre desempeño en la totalidad de los escolares en las variables de flexibilidad (81 %), abdominales (97,7 %), flexión de brazos (95,3 %), velocidad (99,2 %) y VO2máx (64,8 %). Los escolares obesos presentan significativamente un menor desempeño en flexibilidad, fuerza y velocidad (< 0,001) en comparación con los escolares no obesos. Por otra parte, se presenta una relación negativa entre la CC como indicador de riesgo metabólico y la flexibilidad, los abdominales y las flexiones de brazos. Son los hombres quienes presentan mayor riesgo metabólico a diferencia de las mujeres. Conclusiones: la relación entre los ICF y la obesidad pone en evidencia que los escolares con mayor IMC y mayor riesgo metabólico son los que presentan menor desempeño. Es por ello por lo que las políticas educativas deben enfocarse en mejorar los componentes de la condición física para disminuir la obesidad y el riesgo metabólico en los escolares. (AU)

Introduction: the components of physical fitness have become very important to determine health problems in schoolchildren. Objective: to analyze the association between physical condition indicators (PCIs), body weight status, and metabolic risk in high school students. Methods: a cross-sectional study where 531 schoolchildren were evaluated — 271 women (51 %) and 260 men (49 %) between 11 and 15 years old. The Alpha Fitness battery was used to analyze PCIs and the Pacer test to estimate VO2max; waist circumference (WC) was measured as an indicator of obesity and metabolic risk. The students were classified according to their BMI and WC. Results: PCIs showed a poor performance in all schoolchildren in the variables of flexibility (81 %), sit-ups (97.7 %), push-ups (95.3 %), speed (99.2 %) and VO2max (64.8 %). Obese schoolchildren have significantly lower performance in flexibility, strength and speed (< 0.001) when compared to non-obese schoolchildren. On the other hand, there is a negative relationship between WC as indicator of metabolic risk and flexibility, sit-ups, and push-ups. Men are at higher metabolic risk than women. Conclusions: the relationship between HCI and obesity shows that schoolchildren with higher BMI and higher metabolic risk are those with lower performance. That is why educational policies should focus on improving the components of physical fitness to reduce obesity and metabolic risk in schoolchildren. (AU)

[Association between indicators of physical fitness and body weight status in high school students]. / Asociación entre indicadores de condición física, estatus de peso corporal y riesgo metabólico en escolares de secundaria.

Introduction: Introduction: the components of physical fitness have become very important to determine health problems in schoolchildren. Objective: to analyze the association between physical condition indicators (PCIs), body weight status, and metabolic risk in high school students. Methods: a cross-sectional study where 531 schoolchildren were evaluated - 271 women (51 %) and 260 men (49 %) between 11 and 15 years old. The Alpha Fitness battery was used to analyze PCIs and the Pacer test to estimate VO2max; waist circumference (WC) was measured as an indicator of obesity and metabolic risk. The students were classified according to their BMI and WC. Results: PCIs showed a poor performance in all schoolchildren in the variables of flexibility (81 %), sit-ups (97.7 %), push-ups (95.3 %), speed (99.2 %) and VO2max (64.8 %). Obese schoolchildren have significantly lower performance in flexibility, strength and speed (< 0.001) when compared to non-obese schoolchildren. On the other hand, there is a negative relationship between WC as indicator of metabolic risk and flexibility, sit-ups, and push-ups. Men are at higher metabolic risk than women. Conclusions: the relationship between HCI and obesity shows that schoolchildren with higher BMI and higher metabolic risk are those with lower performance. That is why educational policies should focus on improving the components of physical fitness to reduce obesity and metabolic risk in schoolchildren.

Introducción: Introducción: los componentes de la condición física han cobrado suma importancia para determinar problemas de salud en los escolares. Objetivo: analizar la asociación entre indicadores de condición física (ICF), estatus de peso corporal y riesgo metabólico en escolares de secundaria. Métodos: estudio de corte transversal donde se evaluaron 531 escolares, 271 mujeres (51 %) y 260 hombres (49 %) de entre 11 y 15 años. Se utilizaron la batería Alpha Fitness para analizar los ICF y la prueba Pacer para la estimación del VO2máx, y se midió la circunferencia de la cintura (CC) como indicador de obesidad y de riesgo metabólico. Los alumnos se clasificaron según su IMC y CC. Resultados: los ICF muestran un pobre desempeño en la totalidad de los escolares en las variables de flexibilidad (81 %), abdominales (97,7 %), flexión de brazos (95,3 %), velocidad (99,2 %) y VO2máx (64,8 %). Los escolares obesos presentan significativamente un menor desempeño en flexibilidad, fuerza y velocidad (< 0,001) en comparación con los escolares no obesos. Por otra parte, se presenta una relación negativa entre la CC como indicador de riesgo metabólico y la flexibilidad, los abdominales y las flexiones de brazos. Son los hombres quienes presentan mayor riesgo metabólico a diferencia de las mujeres. Conclusiones: la relación entre los ICF y la obesidad pone en evidencia que los escolares con mayor IMC y mayor riesgo metabólico son los que presentan menor desempeño. Es por ello por lo que las políticas educativas deben enfocarse en mejorar los componentes de la condición física para disminuir la obesidad y el riesgo metabólico en los escolares.

Analysis of the Factors That Influence a Quality Physical Education in Mexico: School Supervision's Perspective.

Different international organizations have spoken out in favor of the value of physical activity in the integral development of children and adolescents, which is why different guidelines have been established for governments to facilitate quality Physical Education. In this sense, the objective of this study was to analyze the factors that influence the performance of PE teachers, from the perspective of pedagogical technical advisors and school district supervisors from various school zones from the State of Chihuahua. This was a transversal study, with a qualitative approach and phenomenological focus, which was chosen because it allows the understanding of these aspects from a unique and unrepeatable process; data collection was carried out through focus groups in which PE ATP supervisors participated and data were collaboratively analyzed. The main results indicated that Physical Education does not have the same importance as other subjects, a situation that is reflected in: constant curricular reforms, administrative inconsistencies, dependence on the school organization, and being seldom taken into account in decision-making. It was concluded that strict public policies are required to be applied uniformly throughout the country, as well as privilege Physical Education within the Basic Education curriculum in Mexico.

How is my teaching? teaching styles among Mexican physical education teachers / Bomo está meu ensino?: estilos de ensino entre professores de educação física mexicanos / ¿Como es mi enseñanza?: estilos de enseñanza entre docentes mexicanos de educación física

Abstract Purpose: To compare teaching styles (TS) and years of experience among Mexican Physical Education (PE) teachers. Method: 129 PE teachers from the City of Chihuahua completed the Teaching Styles in Physical Education questionnaire; average age: 42.3 (±9.6) years; average time teaching PE: 15.7 (±7.9) years. Subjects were divided in 6 groups according to years of experience: -6, 6-11, 12-17, 18-23, 24-29 and 30+. Results: no differences were found in traditional TS among groups, but all PE teachers showed high tendency to use that TS. The 30+ group showed values higher than 6-11 (p<0.05). Conclusion: There is a tendency to implement a traditional teaching style, although years of experience allow PE teachers to use teaching styles that fit students' needs and their interest to participate in Physical Education classes.

Resumo Objetivo: comparar estilos de ensino (EE) e anos de experiência entre professores de Educação Física (EF) mexicanos. Método: 129 professores de EF da cidade de Chihuahua, média de idade: 42,3 anos (± 9,6) anos; experiência como professor de EF: 15,7 (± 7,9) anos; completaram o Questionário sobre EE em EF. Os sujeitos foram divididos em seis grupos de acordo com os anos de experiência: - 6, 6-11, 12-17, 18-23, 24-29 e 30+. Resultados: não foram encontradas diferenças em EE tradicional por grupo, mas todos os professores de EF mostraram tendência elevada a usar esse EE. O grupo 30+ apresentou valores superiores ao grupo 6-11 entre estilo cognitivo e escala criativa (p <0,05). Conclusão: há uma tendência a implementar o EE tradicional, embora os anos de experiência permitam aos professores de EF usar um EE ajustado às necessidades e interesses dos alunos em participar do curso de EF.

Resumen Propósito: comparar estilos de enseñanza (EE) y años de experiencia entre docentes de Educación Física (EF) mexicanos. Método: 129 maestros de EF de la ciudad de Chihuahua, MX, edad: 42,3 (±9,6) años, experiencia como maestro de EF: 15,7 (±7,9) años, completaron el cuestionario de Estilos de Enseñanza en Educación Física. Los sujetos fueron divididos en seis grupos de acuerdo con los años de experiencia: -6, 6-11, 12-17, 18-23, 24-29 y 30+. Resultados: sin diferencias encontradas en grupo de EE tradicional, sin embargo, todos los docentes de EF mostraron alta tendencia al uso de este EE. El grupo de 30+ mostró valores mayores que el grupo 6-11 entre estilo cognitivo y escala creativa (p<0,05). Conclusión: hay una tendencia en implementar el EE tradicional, aunque los años de experiencia permiten que docentes de EF utilicen un EE ajustándose a las necesidades e intereses de los estudiantes en participar en la clase de EF.

Indicadores de condición física en escolares mexicanos con sobrepeso y obesidad / Fitness indicators in Mexican schoolchildren with overweight and obesity

Resumen: Introducción: Los componentes de la condición física son de importancia como indicadores de salud en los escolares. El objetivo principal de este estudio fue analizar las diferencias en los componentes de condición física entre escolares que se encuentran en su peso ideal y los que presentan sobrepeso/obesidad. Metodología: Participaron 491 escolares de primaria, de la ciudad de Chihuahua, México. Se midieron componentes de la condición física, variables antropométricas y presión arterial. Se realizó estadística descriptiva, análisis de varianza y medidas de frecuencia, incluyendo sólo a los escolares que realizaron todas las pruebas. Resultados: El 45% (n=205) de la muestra fueron niñas y el 55%(n=251) niños. La edad en años de las niñas fue de 8.8±1.8, y de los niños 8.9±1.9. El 39% de los escolares presentaron sobrepeso u obesidad. La circunferencia de cintura mostró 15.6% de escolares con un percentil ≥90, y en la presión arterial aproximadamente 13.1% de los niños es clasificado con algún tipo de hipertensión. Los escolares con peso normal mostraron significativamente mayor flexibilidad (0.007)*, más repeticiones en la flexión de brazos (0.000)* y abdominales (0.000)*, así como menor tiempo en la prueba de velocidad (0.008)* al compararlos con los escolares que presentan obesidad. Conclusiones: Los escolares con sobrepeso y obesidad de la presente investigación tienen un menor desempeño significativo en las pruebas físicas comparado con los que se encuentran en su peso ideal, por lo que los diferentes aspectos de la condición física evaluados pueden servir como indicadores inmediatos de los posibles riesgos de salud para los niños con exceso de peso.

Abstract: Background: The components of physical fitness are important as indicators of health in school children. The main objective of this study was to analyze the differences in the components of fitness among school children overweight /obese and normal. Methods: 491 schoolchildren participated, from the city of Chihuahua, Mexico. Components of physical condition, anthropometric variables and blood pressure were measured. Descriptive statistics, analysis of variance and frequency measurements were performed, including only the students who performed all the tests. Results: 45% (n = 205) of the sample were girls and 55% (n = 251) were boys. The mean age in girls was 8.8 ± 1.8 years, and in boys 8.9 ± 1.9 years. 39% of schoolchildren were overweight or obese. Waist circumference shows 15.6% of school children with a percentile ≥90, and regarding blood pressure about 13.1% of the children are classified with some form of hypertension. Schoolchildren with normal weight show greater flexibility (0.007) *, more repetitions in the arm flexions (0,000)* and abdominal pushups (0,000)*, and less time in the speed test (0.008)* when compared to schoolchildren with obesity. Conclusions: In the present study, we observed that schoolchildren with overweight and obesity have a significantly lower performance in physical tests. So, the different aspects of physical condition evaluated can serve as immediate indicators of potential health risks for overweight children.

[Fitness indicators in Mexican schoolchildren with overweight and obesity]. / Indicadores de condición física en escolares mexicanos con sobrepeso y obesidad.

BACKGROUND: The components of physical fitness are important as indicators of health in school children. The main objective of this study was to analyze the differences in the components of fitness among school children overweight /obese and normal. METHODS: 491 schoolchildren participated, from the city of Chihuahua, Mexico. Components of physical condition, anthropometric variables and blood pressure were measured. Descriptive statistics, analysis of variance and frequency measurements were performed, including only the students who performed all the tests. RESULTS: 45% (n = 205) of the sample were girls and 55% (n = 251) were boys. The mean age in girls was 8.8 ± 1.8 years, and in boys 8.9 ± 1.9 years. 39% of schoolchildren were overweight or obese. Waist circumference shows 15.6% of school children with a percentile ≥90, and regarding blood pressure about 13.1% of the children are classified with some form of hypertension. Schoolchildren with normal weight show greater flexibility (0.007) *, more repetitions in the arm flexions (0,000)* and abdominal pushups (0,000)*, and less time in the speed test (0.008)* when compared to schoolchildren with obesity. CONCLUSIONS: In the present study, we observed that schoolchildren with overweight and obesity have a significantly lower performance in physical tests. So, the different aspects of physical condition evaluated can serve as immediate indicators of potential health risks for overweight children.